Sum peipun a tulna chhan
Engatinge sum ka peipun ang?
A chunga zawhna kan chhan hma hian, mi hian a sum peipung lo ta sela, engnge thleng ang tih hi i zir chiang phawt teh ang. Tehkhinna atan, thla tin ₹50,000 hlawh emaw, sum lak luhna emaw nei ta la, i hlawh atanga ₹30,000 chu i nitin mamawhah i hmang thin a; hei hian in luah man, ei leh in, veivahna, bazar-na, natna inenkawlna, etc. a huam tel ang. I sum la bang zat chu ₹20,000 a lo ni ang a, hei hi i ‘balance’ emaw, i ‘Monthly Surplus’ emaw chu a lo ni ang.
Chhût awlsam zawk nan, chhiah (tax) in thil a nghawng dan lo dah tha ta ila; tichuan, hetiang hian thil thleng leh ta sela:
I hnathawhna te chuan kum tin 10% in i hlawh pun thin ta sela.
Kum tina i nitin mamawh hlutna san dan chu 8% ni bawk sela.
Tunah kum 30 i ni mek a, kum 50-ah retire i tum bawk a; kum 20 hnathawhna hun i la nei tihna ni bawk sela.
I retire hnuah hnathawh i tum tawh lo bawk a.
Pawisa i hman ral zat chu ngai reng bawk sela.
A chunga kan sawi ang khan ₹20,000 i hmang bang ziah dawn a ni.
Hei hi kum 20 chhunga i pawisa lak luh, hman dan leh khawl dan tur a ni:
| Kum | Lak luh zat (₹) | Hman chhuah zat (₹) | Sum chuang/Khawl zat (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6,00,000 | 3,60,000 | 2,40,000 |
| 2 | 6,60,000 | 3,88,800 | 2,71,200 |
| 3 | 7,26,000 | 4,19,904 | 3,06,096 |
| 4 | 7,98,600 | 4,53,496 | 3,45,104 |
| 5 | 8,78,460 | 4,89,776 | 3,88,684 |
| 6 | 9,66,306 | 5,28,958 | 4,37,348 |
| 7 | 10,62,937 | 5,71,275 | 4,91,662 |
| 8 | 11,69,230 | 6,16,977 | 5,52,254 |
| 9 | 12,86,153 | 6,66,335 | 6,19,818 |
| 10 | 14,14,769 | 7,19,642 | 6,95,127 |
| 11 | 15,56,245 | 7,77,213 | 7,79,032 |
| 12 | 17,11,870 | 8,39,390 | 8,72,480 |
| 13 | 18,83,057 | 9,06,541 | 9,76,516 |
| 14 | 20,71,363 | 9,79,065 | 10,92,298 |
| 15 | 22,78,499 | 10,57,390 | 12,21,109 |
| 16 | 25,06,349 | 11,41,981 | 13,64,368 |
| 17 | 27,56,984 | 12,33,339 | 15,23,644 |
| 18 | 30,32,682 | 13,32,006 | 17,00,676 |
| 19 | 33,35,950 | 14,38,567 | 18,97,383 |
| 20 | 36,69,545 | 15,53,652 | 21,15,893 |
| Total (Sum khawl) | ₹1,78,90,693 |
Kum 20 chhunga i sum khawl zawng zawng belh khawm chu ₹1,78,90,693 (₹1.78 crore) a lo ni tawh ang.
Heng number-te hi chhuiin zir chiang ta la, thil hlauhawm tak a ni tih i hrethiam ang. Thil rawn lang chiang chu:
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Kum 20 chhungin ₹1.78 crore i khawl.
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Kum 20 chhung hian i hman ral (expense) zat a san belh loh avangin, i lifestyle a inthlak lo anga ngaih a ni a, chuvang chuan in leh lo, motor leh zin veivahna (travels) lamah sum i seng lo anga ngaih a ni.
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I retire hnu lamah, i hman ral hi kum tin 8% in sang chho zel ta sela, i sum lo khawl tawh ₹1.78 cr. chuan kum 8 vel chu a daih ang che. Kum 8 a ral hnuah chuan engnge i ei a, engnge i in tak ang tih kha zawhna lian tak a ni ta a ni.
I retire atanga kum 8 a ral leh chuan i sum lo khawl tawh chu i hmang zo der ang a, engtin nge i tih tak ang? I retire hunah hian ₹1.78 crore aia tam neih theih dan a awm em?
A chunga kan thil chhût dan khi a mâwlmang em em a, nunphung pangngaiah chuan khitiang khi a ni thei hauh lo thung. Ka rawn târ lan tum ber chu, investment (peipunna) ti miah lo ta la, pawisa i khawl zat tur leh i pawisa khawl chu a hranpaa a than lohzia târ lanna a ni.
I sum khawl ang ang te chu dah tawp lovin peipung zawk ta la, mâwlmang taka chhûtin i sum peipun chu kum tin 12% (p.a) in lo pung ta sela. A kum khatnaa ₹2,40,000 pawisa chuang bang i neih kha, kum 20 chhung (kum tin ni hnuhnung ber zelah) peipung ta la, kum 20 hnuah chuan ₹20,67,063 a lo ni tawh ang. A chhut dan i hriat duh chuan -
= 2,40,000 * (1+12%)19
= 20,67,063
A chhiarkawp lamah kha chuan lo buai rih lo ta ila, i sum khawl/chuang bang kha lo peipung zawk ta la, hei hi a awm dan tur chu a ni.
| Kum | Lak luh zat (₹) | Hman chhuah zat (₹) | Sum chuang/Khawl zat (₹) | Sum khawl invest la @12% p.a (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6,00,000 | 3,60,000 | 2,40,000 | 20,67,063 |
| 2 | 6,60,000 | 3,88,800 | 2,71,200 | 20,85,519 |
| 3 | 7,26,000 | 4,19,904 | 3,06,096 | 21,01,668 |
| 4 | 7,98,600 | 4,53,496 | 3,45,104 | 21,15,621 |
| 5 | 8,78,460 | 4,89,776 | 3,88,684 | 21,27,487 |
| 6 | 9,66,306 | 5,28,958 | 4,37,348 | 21,37,368 |
| 7 | 10,62,937 | 5,71,275 | 4,91,662 | 21,45,363 |
| 8 | 11,69,230 | 6,16,977 | 5,52,254 | 21,51,566 |
| 9 | 12,86,153 | 6,66,335 | 6,19,818 | 21,56,069 |
| 10 | 14,14,769 | 7,19,642 | 6,95,127 | 21,58,959 |
| 11 | 15,56,245 | 7,77,213 | 7,79,032 | 21,60,318 |
| 12 | 17,11,870 | 8,39,390 | 8,72,480 | 21,60,228 |
| 13 | 18,83,057 | 9,06,541 | 9,76,516 | 21,58,765 |
| 14 | 20,71,363 | 9,79,065 | 10,92,298 | 21,56,003 |
| 15 | 22,78,499 | 10,57,390 | 12,21,109 | 21,52,012 |
| 16 | 25,06,349 | 11,41,981 | 13,64,368 | 21,46,859 |
| 17 | 27,56,984 | 12,33,339 | 15,23,644 | 21,40,611 |
| 18 | 30,32,682 | 13,32,006 | 17,00,676 | 21,33,328 |
| 19 | 33,35,950 | 14,38,567 | 18,97,383 | 21,25,069 |
| 20 | 36,69,545 | 15,53,652 | 21,15,893 | 21,15,893 |
| Total (Kum 20 hnua i sum khawl peipun) | ₹4,26,95,771 |
Kum 20 hnua hman tur i neih kha nasa takin a pung tih i hmu thei awm e. Peipung miah lova pawisa i dah tawp khan ₹1.78 crore a ni a, i peipun chuan ₹4.26 crore a lo ni tawh ang, a let 2.4x velin a pung tihna a ni. Thil chiang ta uar chu, i sum chuang bang khawl satliah lova i peipun hian, kum 20 hnuah dinhmun tha zawkah i indah a, i pension/retire hnuah kum tam tak i mamawh a phuhruksak thei dawn che a ni.
Khawiah nge sum ka peipun ang?
Sum peipun a tulna chhan chu kan hre theuh tawhin ka ring a. Tuna zawhna pawimawh tak chhân kan tum leh tur chu - khawiah emaw, engah nge sum kan peipun ang, kan peipunna hmun azir chuan eng zat nge pung thei ang? tih hi a ni. Miin a sum a peipun reng rengin, thil chiang lo thleng thei a hlauh leh hlauh loh dan azirin, peipunna tur hmanrua (asset class) chu uluk taka a hriat chian hmasak a tul a. Entir nan, pa pakhat chuan risk sang tak a la ngam a, pakhat ve thung chuan risk sang tak a la ngam lo thung a, thenkhat chuan risk awm hrim hrim chu an hlauh en vek thung.
Asset Class kan tih hi sum peipunna hmanrua, ama zawna mize nei, risk leh return (thil thleng tur chian lohna leh pung hmuh letna) nei a ni. Sum peipunna hmanrua, asset class, lar zualte chu:
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Fixed Income instrument-te
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Equity/Share
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Real Estate
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Commodities
te an ni. Heng hmanrua palite hi he thuziakah hian kan sawi zau dawn a ni.
Fixed Income Instruments
Fixed Income instruments kan tihte hi, sum peipunna hmanrua pakhat, i sumlu a himna ber tura ngaih hmanrua a ni. He instrument kaltlanga i sum i peipung a nih chuan, i peipunna pawl lian (entity/institution) chuan i sumlu atang khan pung (interest) a pe let ang che a, a pung zat tur hi maturity thleng i dah a nih chuan tiam theih a ni thin. A pung hi thla thum emaw, thla ruk emaw, kum khat danah emaw pek thin a ni. I peipun hun a zawhah (maturity period) i sumlu hi i hnenah pek kir leh a ni ang.
Fixed-income instruments entirna thenkhat:
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Bank Fixed Deposit-te.
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Sorkar laipuiin Bond a tihchhuah te - G Sec Bonds leh T-Bills kan tih te.
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Sorkar hnuaia pawl hrang hrang GAIL, HUDCO, NHAI leh adt. in a Bond an tihchhuah te.
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Private Company/Corporate (Tata, Reliance, Adani) ten Bond an tihchhuah te.
Kum 2025 ah khan, Bank Fixed Deposit hian a tlangpuiin 6% - 7.50% p.a. pung a pe a, kum upa lam ten 0.5% vela sang pung an hmuh belh thung. Sorkar bond (G-Sec 10 Years) hian 6.30% to 6.90% yield a nei thung. Corporate bond ve thung te hi tlemin a sang deuh a, 8-15% a ni tlangpui thung.
Equity/Shares
Equity-a sum peipung tur chuan mipuiin neitu nihna kan lei ve theih tura inpho chhuak, company/corporate te Shares (neitu nihna sawina) chu kan lei a ngai a. Heng company-te hi India rama Share bazar lian pahnih Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) leh National Stock Exchange (NSE) ah te lei theih a ni.
Peipungtu in equity-ah a peipun hian, fixed income hmanrua ang lo takin, a sumlu a him leh him lohah tiam theih a ni ve lo a. Chu tiam theih lohna emaw, a sumlu him leh him loh chungchanga thil chiang lo (risk) a awm tâk avang chuan, equity-a invest (peipun) hian pung sang leh tha zawk (returns) a keng tel ve ta a ni. Kum 10-15 chhunga kum tin a pung (leh pung lo) chawh rual lak khawmin, India rama Equity-te hian 12% CAGR (compound annual growth rate) a nei a ni.
Company tha leh tlo hova i peipung a nih ngat phei chuan 20% CAGR thleng khuareiah i la lut thei thung. Amaherawhchu, chung peipunna tha company thlang thiam tur chuan thiamna sang tak neih te, taimakna leh dawhtheihna neihte a ngai thung.
Real Estate
Real Estate hmanga sum peipunna ve thung hian sumdawnna atana ruat ram emaw, sumdawnna atana ruat ni lem lo ram emaw lei leh hralh a keng tel. Entir nan, ram ruak lei leh hralh te, in luah theih tura sak lei leh hralh te leh, sumdawnna atana hman in sak/ram lei leh hralh te hi a huam thei ang. Real Estate atang hian sum lak luhna chi hnih a awm thei a: Ram emaw, in luah man leh kan ram man emaw, building emaw hlutna sang chho zel hi an ni awm e. Ram emaw, in emaw luah man atang hian a tlangpuiin 2-3% chu kum khatah kan hmu let thin awm e.
Real Estate lei leh hralh hi a hna a khirh ve thin a, document a dik leh dik loh te uluk taka endik a pawimawh thin. Real Estate-a peipung tur hian sumlu tam tham tak neih hmasak a ngai thin bawk a, real estate-in pung a pek let zat tehfung bik hi a awm loh avangin, engzat tak nge a pek let theih tih hi sawi chian theih chiah a ni bik lo thin.
Commodity
Commodity kan tih chuan kan rilruah Gold leh Silver hi a lo lang hmasa ber awm e, heng pahnihte hi commodity-ah chuan kan invest-na tlanglawn ber a ni awm e. Gold leh Silver-a kan peipun hian a tlangpuiin 5-8% CAGR kan hmu let thin a. Zungbun leh thi emaw, a tlawn emaw anga lei piah lamah hian, Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) emaw, Sovereign Gold bonds (SGBs) ang pawhin kan peipung thei a, mi tam zawk tan chuan a awlsam zawk bawk a ni.
A chung a entirna kan pek kha han thlir let ta ila, kan sum chuang bang khawl kha, a chunga Asset Class hrang hrang kan sawiah khian peipung ta ila, kum 20 chhunga kan sum chuang bang lo than dan tur kha kan hre chakin ka ring. Asset class kan sawi tâk - fixed income emaw, equity emaw, commodities ah emaw khan lo peipung ta ila, engzat tak nge kum 20 chhungin a pung kan hmuh let ang, i lo thlir ho ang.
Fixed Income-ah peipungin 9% p.a. (corporate bond tha) hmu let thei ta ila, kum 20 hnuah chuan kan sum chuang bang kha ₹3.3 crore a lo ni tawh ang.
Equity-ah peipung ve thung ila, chawh rualin kum tin 15% in pung ta sela, kum 20 hnuah kan sum chuang bang chu ₹5.4 crore a lo ni tawh ang.
Commodity-ah peipung ve thung ta ila, chawh rualin kum tin 8% in pung ta sela, kan sum chuang bang chu ₹3.09 crore a lo ni tawh ang.
Equity hian pung a pe tha ber thin a, kum tam tak (long term) thlira i peipung thei ngat a nih phei chuan a tha lehzual a ni.
Thenkhat vengva deuh chuan Cryptocurrency ka telh loh chhan in lo ngaihtuah mai thei; a chhan chu heng kan ziah hun lai hian Cryptocurrency hi Asset puitlinga kan la ngaih loh vang a ni. I sum thawh chhuah hlu tak i peipung dawn a nih chuan, sorkar endikna hnuaia mi ngei leh rintlak i thlangin a rinawm, crypto hi heng tehnaah hian a la tling lo deuh a ni ber. Chuvang chuan crypto investment leh hausak thutna investment hrim hrim lakah hian fimkhur ula ka chah duh che u a ni.
Heng asset class kan sawi hrang hrangah te hian i sumlu kha sem darh la, a tha ber a. Heng peipunna hmanrua hrang hranga sumlu sem darh hi ‘Asset Allocation’ an ti thin a, article dangah kan sawi zau ang.
Tehkhin thu ah, la tlangval tan chauh tur, hnathawh nei chuan a kum leh peipunna hun a la neih ngaihtuahin, risk sang zawk a la ngam ang a. Hetiang a nih chuan a tlem berah peipun tura a duan sumlu atanga 60% chu Equity-ah a peipung ang a, 20% chu commodities-ah; tichuan a bang 20% chu fixed-income hmanrua a hmang thei ang. Asset class percentage-a insem ral dan hi kan kum leh risk lak ngam dan azirin a danglam thin ang. Entir nan, hnathawk tawh lo, pension tawh, kum upa lam tan chuan sumlu himna zawn a tha ang a, 80% fixed income (sorkar bond angah te), 10% equity-ah, a bang 10% commodities-ah a peipung thei ang.
Sum kan peipun hmaa hriat tur pawimawhte
Risk leh Reward hi a kal kawp tlat. Thil chian lohna a san poh leh a lawmman pawh a sang; thil a chian poh leh a lawmman a hniam thin.
I sumlu i venghim duh a nih chuan Fixed income-a sum peipun hi a tha ber a. Amaherawhchu, inflation (thil man to chakna) thlir chuan, i sumlu kha i chan thei tho a ni.
Equity-a peipun hi kan tih theih tha ber chu a ni a, khuareiah inflation hnehin a khum a; amaherawhchu, risk a keng sang ve thung a ni.
Gold leh Silver-a peipun hi equity aiin a him ve leh chhawng a; amaherawhchu, a lo pun dan ngaihtuahin a tha ber chu a ni lem lo.
He zir lai atanga thil pawimawh kan zir chhuah te
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Mi tin kan hma huna thil thleng thei hrang hrang laka kan inven nan kan sum peipun a tul.
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Percentage tlemte pawhin i peipun hun tawpah danglamna tam tak a siam thei.
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I risk milin sum peipunna hmanrua thlang thin ang che.
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Inflation laka inven i duh a nih chuan Equity-ah i invest tel tur a ni.
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Sum peipunna lama tih dan tha chu hmanraw hrang hrang dah pawlh thiam hi a ni.
