Stock market-a palai hna thawkte (Market/Financial Intermediaries)

Khuhhawnna

Corporate entity kan tih hian a sawi ber chu mi pakhat aia tamin sawrkar hnuaia inziak luta pawl an din, dan hmaa pawl pakhat anga thawkho, a dintu mi malte (owner/shareholder) nena nihna hran hlak nei si a ni a. Dân hnuaiah awmin chu dan hrûlah chuan assets (hlutna nei thil, sum thawk chhuak thei chi reng reng) a nei thei a, mi mal leh pawl dang nen inremna (contract) an siam thei a, leiba a nei thei bawk a, dân pela an chêtin khin theih an ni a, an khing let ve thei bawk. Chung corporate entity-te chuan stock market-ah 'palai hna' thawkin, i computer atanga share lei/hralh tura stock market i luh atanga i DEMAT account-a share/share hlutna pawisa a rawn luh thlengin, felfai taka engkim a kal theih nan an lo thawkho thin.

Heng corporate entity-te hian SEBI-in an zawm tura dan a siamte dungzuiin a lang lo lamah hna an lo thawk char char thin. Stock market-a i share lei leh hralhna kawngah harsatna awm lova a nih dan tur ang thlapa engkim a kal theih nan an thawkrim hle. An hnathawh ber hi share leitu leh hralhtu inkar rem felsak a nih avangin heng entity-te hi Financial intermediaries emaw, Market intermediaries tiin emaw an sawi thin a, 'Stock market-a palai hna thawktu' tiin kan sawi thei ang.

Stock market khawvela palai hna thawktute hi mawhphurhna hran theuh nei ni mah se, inmamawh tawn reng, inngheng riala kalho tlat an ni a. An thawhho dan hian market zia leh kalphung a hril hle. Heng palai hna thawktu zinga pawimawh thenkhatte leh an hnathawh tlangpuite lo thlir ho ila.

Stock Broker

Market-a palai hna thawktute zinga pawimawh ber a tih theih awm e. Corporate entity chi khat an ni a, stock market-ah trading member-a inziak lutin, palai hna thawh phalna 'stockbroking license' a nei a. He license hi SEBI-in uluk taka a endik hnuah chauh pe chhuakin, SEBI dân leh dûn te hi stockbroking license nei reng reng chuan an zawm thlap a tul a ni.

Stock, Bond, ETF leh Mutual Fund kan tihte hmang hian stock market-ah sum i peipung dawn a nih chuan stockbroker-te hi i tana kawngkapui an ni. India ramah hian stockbroker in-register tam tak an awm a, chungte chu zir chiangin tehna hrang hrang hmanga i thlit fim hnuah i duh ber thlang chhuakin, anni hnuaiah account chu i hawng tawh ang. Stockbroker thlanna atana tehna tlanglawn, mi nâwlpuiin an hman thinte chu –

Trading i tihna hmun ber 'broker platform' hman nuam leh awlsam.
Customer support chak leh rintlak.
I account report – tradebook, profit & loss report, tax P&L te felfai taka lo siama, awlsam taka en zung zung theih tura lo duan.
Broker-te sum dinhmun leh an hlutna (broker hlawk lo leh P&L nei chhia chu thawhpui atan a duhawm loh).
Mipuiten financial education an dawn theih nana hma la te.

I duhthusam tak broker i thlan fel hnuah trading leh DEMAT account i hawng ang a, transaction (share lei leh hralh) i ti thei tawh ang. Transaction tih dawn hian broker nena indawr dan chi thum a awm a, chungte chu –

Phone call hmangin. Broker hnenah i client code (account code) hmangin i nihna i tichiang hmasa ang a, tichuan transaction i tih duh dan chiang takin i sawi ang. Dealer chuan in inbiak lai ngeiin order a lo siam ang a, a hlawhtling ngei em tih a nemnghet bawk ang.
Mahnia order siam. Transaction tih dan tlanglawn ber a ni. Broker chuan market i luh theihna tur 'Trading Terminal' a nei a. Chuta i luh chuan tun dinhmuna company share hlutna inthlak zung zungte kha a rawn lang ang a, mahniin order i siam mai dawn a ni.

Entir nan: Zerodha trading platform chu 'Kite' a ni.

Algorithmic trading. A hmang thangte leh thiam zualte chuan khawl thiamna API hmangin order an siam thin. Broker thenkhatin man neiin API hi an pe chhuak bawk.

Client hnena broker-in service a pekte chu

Market-a luhna leh transaction siamna hmun buatsaihsak.
Client-in stock leina tur sum a mamawh huna dahkham neia puktir (Margin trading).
Phone call hmanga order siamsak; client-te hriatthiam loh lo hrilhfiaha, an harsatna lo chin felsak; client-te hnena market kalphung zirtirna pek.
Client-ten share an lei leh hralh chungchanga Contract Note siamsak – Contract Note chu ni khata i share lei leh hralhna zawng zawng chipchiar taka chhinchhiahna lehkha a ni.
Client-te trading account leh an bank account inkara awlsam taka sum lut leh chhuak thei tura lo thlun zawm.
Back-office a siamsak che. Back office chu i account chungchang report kimchang i en theihna hmun (portal) a ni.

Entir nan: Zerodha back office hming chu 'Console' a ni.

Broker chuan heng service a pek chhuah atang hian lawmman a la thin a, 'brokerage' emaw, 'brokerage charge' tiin emaw an sawi thin. Brokerage an lak dan hi broker azirin a inang lo thluah a, chuvangin an lawmman lak zat leh service an pekte a inphu tawk em tih zir chian hmasak phawt a tha.

Depository leh Depository Participants

In hmun/lo/ram i leiin, a ram neitu i ni ngei a ni tih chianna lehkha i neih ngei a ngai a; chu lehkha tel lo chuan a ram neitu dik tak pawh ni la, dânin a pawm thei lo. Chuvangin, ram neitu i ni ngei a ni tih finfiahna lehkha chu him taka vawn that a pawimawh hle a ni.

Chutiang chiah chuan share i lei chiah khan, i share leina company-ah neitu nihna i nei ve tihna a ni a. I neitu nihna tichiang thei tur chuan share certificate i phawrh a ngai ta a ni. Share certificate chu company-ah share neitu i ni ngei a ni tih finfiahna lehkha a ni mai. Kum 1996 hma lam kha chuan share certificate hi paper format (lehkhaa vawn that) a ni thin a, kum 1996 hnu lamah erawh chuan digital format (computer thiamna hmanga vawn that) a ni ta a ni. He share certificate lehkha pheka awm, computer thluak hmanga digital format-a an thlak hi "Dematerialization" tiin an sawi a, a lam tawiin DEMAT an ti thin.

Kum 1992-a Harshad Mehta scam kha kan hre theuh awm e. Kha scam khan share certificate-te paper atanga digital format-a thlak a nih chhanah hian hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni. He scam chungchang hi SonyLiv-ah en theihin a awm a, digital format-a stock market khawvel thlak a nih hmaa a kalphungte chu he tv series atang hian a hriatthiam theih ruak awm e.

DEMAT format-a siam share certificate chu digital-a vawn that a ni a, he a vawn thatna hmun hi 'DEMAT Account' kan tih chu a lo ni ta a ni. Computer thiamna hmanga i share neihte rûk mai theih loh tura him taka vawn thatna hmun tiin a sawi theih ang. DEMAT account chu Depository-in enkawl hna an thawk a, share leitu leh hralhtu inkara palai an ni. I broker trading account leh Depository-in a enkawl DEMAT account chu a inthlun zawm tlat a ni.

Entir nan, Infosys share i lo lei duh ta a, i tihtur zawng chu Infosys share man en a, lei mai kha a ni. I lei zawh chuan i trading account atanga i tihtur zawng i zo tawh a, Infosys share i lei chu i DEMAT account-ah a lo lut tawh mai ang.

Chutiang bawkin, Infosys share i hralh duh hunah i trading account-ah lutin i stock chu i hralh leh ang. Stock hralh hna chu i trading account-in a thawk ang a, nichina kan sawi tâk i trading account leh DEMAT account a inthlun zawm kan tih kha, khami avang khan broker chuan i share hralh tâk te chu i DEMAT account atangin awlsam têin a lo la chhuak mai dawn a ni.

Tunah rih chuan DEMAT account siam leh enkawl hna thawk depository hi pahnih chauh an awm a, National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) leh Central Depository Services (India) Limited-te an ni. An pahnih hian an inang thawkhat hle a, SEBI dan khauh tak hnuaia inrelbawl ve ve an ni.

Trading account hawng duh ta la, National Stock Exchange (NSE) office-ah kalin trading account i va hawng ngawt thei lo; chutiang bawkin, demat account hawng turin Depository (NSDL/CSDL) office-ah i lut ngawt thei lo bawk. Demat account hawng tur chuan Depository Participant (DP) i dawr hmasak phawt a tul a, Depository-ah DEMAT account siam turin a lo pui dawn che a ni. DP chu nangmah leh Depository inkara palai hna thawktu a ni a, SEBI dânin a thunun ve bawk a ni.

Zerodha hi Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CSDL) hnuaia depository participant pakhat a ni.

Bank

Stock market chhunga bank hnathawh hi thil khirhkhan tak a ni lêm lo va. I bank account atanga i trading account-a awlsam taka sum i dah luh theih nan an lo thawk thin. Broker-in i bank account ngei a ni tih an finfiah hnuah i trading account leh bank account-te chu an lo thlun zawm thin a ni.

I trading account-ah chuan bank account pakhat aia tam i thlun zawm thei a, i pawisa chu trading account-a i transfer hnuah trade nan i hmang thei tawh dawn a ni. Bank account tam tak pawh thlun zawm mah la, i trading account atanga pawisa i lak chhuah dawn chuan bank account pakhatah chauh a lut thei thung. Trading account atanga pawisa a luhna tura i thlan bik bank account chu 'Primary account' an ti thin. Zerodha-ah hian primary bank account pakhat bakah bank account dang pahnih i dah belh thei a. Heng bank account atang hian pawisa i dah lut vek thei a; mahse, trading account atanga pawisa i lak chhuah chu i primary account-ah chauh a lut thung ang.

Heng bakah hian Dividend payment (company-in hlêp an neih atanga shareholder-te hnena chanpual an sem) leh Buyback (company-in an share hralh tawhte an lei lêt) atanga pawisa lo lut reng reng chu primary bank account-ah a lut bawk. Primary bank account chu i trading account, Depository, Registrar and Transfer Agents (RTA) te nen thlun zawm vek an ni.

Kan sawi tâk te atang khan share lei leh hralh kawnga market-a palai hna thawk pathumte chu account hran theuh kal tlangin hna an thawk tih kan hrethiamin a rinawm – i broker-in trading account kal tlangin, DP-in demat account kal tlangin, bank-in i bank account kal tlangin. Heng account pathumte hi khawl thluak hmanga hnathawk vek an ni a, an inthlun zawm vek bawk avangin awlsam takin stock market-ah hna i lo thawk thei ta a ni.

NSE Clearing Limited leh ICCL

NSE Clearing Limited hi National Stock Exchange hnuaia awm niin, Indian Clearing Corporation (ICCL) hi Bombay Stock Exchange hnuaia awm a ni thung.

Clearing Corporation-in a thawh chu i trade-na/transaction i tihnaah share leitu leh hralhtu inkara inremna lo siam a ni. Entir nan, Biocon share pakhat ₹446/- hisapin i lo lei ta a, chumi tur chuan mi pakhatin a Biocon share pakhat chu ₹446/- vêkin a lo zuar a. Share chu i lei a, i trading account atangin ₹446/- a in-cut ang a, a hralhtu trading account-ah a lut dawn a ni. Hetiang transaction-ah hian clearing corporation-in a hnathawh chu:

Share leitu leh hralhtu lo chhinchhiaha, an inkara share lei leh hralh dan te, pawisa luh leh chhuah dan te a dik ngei em tih lo endik.

Share leitu emaw, hralhtu emaw, a khawi lam zawk zawk pawhin order an siam hnua an sût leh theih loh tura inremna lo siam. Entir nan, share hralhtuin a share hralh tura a tihchian (confirm) hnuah hralh leh duh lovin a order siam tawh a sût ngawt thiang lo ang.

Share lei leh hralh hmanga sumdawng (trader) emaw, sum peipungtu (investor) emaw i nih chuan NSE Clearing Limited leh ICCL-te hi i aiawha dawr tur an awm dawn avangin an chungchang i hre thûk lutuk lo a nih pawhin a pawi lêm lo. I hriat reng tur erawh chu heng institution-te hi dan khauh tak hnuaia thawk an ni a, share leitu leh hralhtu inkarah inremna dik leh fel tak a awm theih nana thawktu; mi pahnih, share hlutna inang chiaha lei duhtu leh hralh duhtute lo remkhawm (match) zung zunga, a hralhtu trading account-a stock hralh man a luh leh, a leitu demat account-a stock a luh thlenga vil zuitu an ni.

Clearing corporation-te hi margin trading-ah pawh an inrawlh ve zel a, market-a trade-na hmanraw khirhkhan zawk Futures & Options angah te hian an hnathawh hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Newsletter lo chhuak leh turah chungte chu zau zawkin kan thlir ho zel dawn nia.

Stock market khawvel chu market-a palai hna thawk hrang hrangte awm khawmin an siam a ni a; hnathawh hran theuh neiin, market tluang taka a kal theih nan an pawimawh em em theuh a ni.
Stockbroker chu market i luh theihna kawngka a ni a, chuvangin i mamawh tak service petu broker thlang thin ang che.
Stockbroker chuan trading account siamsak chein, chu account chu market-a transaction i tihna zawng zawng (hlutna nei hmanrua - share leh adt. i lei leh hralhna) ah i hman tur a ni.
Depository chu corporate entity niin, i account-a i share neihte chu i hmingin a lo vawnghim thin. Depository hnuaia i account hi 'DEMAT' account tih a ni.
India ram chhungah depository pahnih chauh an awm a, chungte chu NSDL leh CSDL-te an ni.
Depository a khawi zawk pawh khi, an hnuaiah DEMAT account i hawn dawnin Depository Participant (DP) i thawhpui a ngai. DP chu Depository aiawha client hmachhawntu a ni.
Clearing corporation chuan i trade-na reng rengah a tir atanga a tawp thlengin tluang taka a kal theih nan tihfel hna (clearing & settlement) an thawk thin.