Stock Market chu

Public Limited company

IPO kalpui dan leh company-in vantlanga a share tlangzarha pawisa a siam dante kan hrethiam tawh bawk a, stock market chungchang hi thuk zawkin i han bihchiang teh ang.

Company share chu mipui lei leh hralh theiha a awm tâkah chuan a chanchin tlângpui leh a inrelbawl dan vantlang hmaa puanzar chu a tihmâkmawh a lo ni ta a. Public Limited company-te share chu stock exchange-ah nitinin mipuiin an leiin an hralh ṭhin a ni. Stock market-a share lei leh hralh tawh phawt chu Market participants an ni kan tih tawh kha, hengho hian stock an lei leh hralh chhan hi chi hrang hrang a awm thei a. Chung chhan hrang hrangte chu bung tharah hian kan en ho dawn a ni.

Stock market chu eng nge ni?

Zirlai hmasa lama kan sawi tawh angin stock market chu khawl thiamna hmanga insumdawn tawnna hmun a ni a. Chumi hmuna share leitu leh hralhtute ngaih dan chu an share lei leh hralh dan/stock chet dan aṭangin a hriat theih ṭhin a ni.

Entir nan, kum 2014-a Infosys dinhmun kha lo thlir ta ila. An company chuan hruaitu nihna inhlan chhâwn chungchangah buaina a nei a, an hruaitu lawk tak takte pawh an ban phah nual a nih kha. Chutia hruaitu dinhmun ruak ta chu an company-ah a nghawng a rawn lang ta a; an stock man chu ₹3500 aṭangin ₹3000 ah a tla a, company hmingṭhatna pawh a tla hniam hman hle a ni.

Entirna kan pek aṭang khian trader pahnih – A leh B an lo awm ta a.

Infosys chungchanga A ngaih dan – Company-in CEO thar ruat mai a harsat avangin stock man chu a tlak hniam zel a ring a. He thlir dan tlâng aṭang hi chuan Infosys stock chu a hralh a rinawm.

Infosys chungchanga B ngaih dan – Hruaitu chungchanga an buaina avanga stock man a tla hniam ta vak mai chuan a tibuai lem lo. Mipuite chu an hlauthawng hma lutuk niin a hria a. Company chuan hruaitu tha tak a hmu leh thuai ang a, stock man pawh chu a chhoh leh ngei a ring. He thlir dan tlâng aṭang hi chuan B chuan Infosys stock a lei a rinawm thung.

Stock man chu ₹3500 aṭangin ₹3000 ah a tla thla kan tih tawh kha. Chuvangin, ₹3000 ah chuan A chu Infosys share hralhtu a ni ang a, B chu a leitu a lo ni ang. An stock broker-te ve ve kal tlangin A chuan sell order a siam ang a, B chuan buy order a siam bawk ang.

Stock broker-te chuan an client-te order siam chu stock exchange-ah an thawn ve leh a. Chutah chuan chung order pahnihte chu an lo match ang a, buy order leh sell order chu a inmil em tih an lo en dik ang; chumi hnuah share chu a awmna tur tharah an lo sawn kual ang a, sumdawnna chu a takin an tihhlawhtlinsak tawh ang. Hetianga stock leitu leh hralhtu inkara transaction fel taka lo buatsaihsak hi stock market hna pui ber chu a ni.

Stock market chu market participant-ten (share lei leh hralh ṭhinten) vantlanga share tlangzarh tawh company-te chanchin an en theihna hmun, stock hmanga sumdawnna an kalpuina hmun, an thlir dan kalh chiaha thlir dan hrang miin a neih phawt chuan share an leia an hralh theihna hmun a ni. Market chu ngaih dan inang lo hrang hrang awm khawmin a siam a ni.

Stock chu engin nge tiche ṭhin?

Stocks chet dan kan hriatthiam nan Infosys hmanga entirna kan pek kha lo chhunzawm ta zel ila. Market participant i lo ni ta a, Infosys share chet dan chu i thlithlai reng a.

Zing dar 10 a ni a, Infosys share pakhat man chu ₹3000 a ni mek a. Company hotute chuan thuchhuah siamin, CEO thar, an harsatna ata hruai chhuak thei tur mi an neih tawh thu an puang a. CEO thar an thlan chuan company chu dinhmun sang tak a thlenpui ngei pawh an ring a.

Zawhna pahnih lo awm ta chu –

Thuchhuah thar chuan engtin nge Infosys stock man a nghawng ang?
Infosys-ah hian trade lo la dawn ta la, engtin nge chet i lak ang? Stock chu i lei ang nge i hralh ang?

Zawhna hmasa zawkah hi chuan an thuchhuah chu a ṭha lam a nih avangin stock man chu a chho ang. Infosys chuan hruaitu chungchanga a buaina chu a ching fel tawh tlat a ni. Hetianga market-a chanchin lawmawm a awm hian, market participant-te chuan stock chu eng zat man pawhin an lei duh tawh ṭhin a, chu chuan stock man a tichho dawrh ṭhin a ni.

A hnuaia table aṭang hian stocks chet dan chu a hriat awm e.

Sl No	Time	Last Traded Price	Seller chhiar zat	Buyer chet dan	Last Traded Price (New)
01	10:00	3000	3002	Lei	3002
02	10:01	3002	3006	Lei	3006
03	10:03	3006	3011	Lei	3011
04	10:05	3011	3016	Lei	3016

Table aṭang hian share leitu hian a hralhtuin a chhiarna man zat ang anga share lei chu a inhuam tih a hriat theih awm e; hetiang dinhmunah hian market chu a bullish tiin kan sawi ṭhin a ni. Bullish market-ah chuan stock man chu a chho ṭhin.

Tin, stock man hi minit 5 chhung lekin ₹16 in a chho bawk a. He entirna hi phuahchawp mai mah ni se, a taka thil thleng thei leh stock chet dan phung pangngai a ni. Chanchin lawmawm a awmin emaw, thil ṭha lam thleng tur a awmin stock man hi a chho ṭhin a ni.

Stock man a chhoh chhan hi pahnih a awm a. Pakhatnaah chuan, hruaitu chungchanga an buaina chin fel a nih vang a ni. Pahnihnaah chuan, CEO thar chuan company chu dinhmun sang zawk a thlenpui beiseina an neih vang a ni bawk.

Zawhna pahnihna chhanna chu, stock chungchangah chanchin lawmawm lam a awm tâk avangin Infosys stock chu i lei ang.

Chumi ni vek, dar 12:30 PM-ah chuan ‘The National Association of Software & Services Company’ (NASSCOM) chuan thuchhuah siamin, customer-te IT budget chu 15% in a tla hniam nia a lan thu leh, chu chuan industry hma lam hunah nghawng a neih ngei an rin thu an sawi a. NASSCOM hi India rama IT company inzawmkhawmin an din pawl lian tak a ni.

Dar 12:30 ah chuan Infosys share pakhat man chu ₹3030 ah lo ngai ta ila. Zawhna awm thei ṭhenkhat te chu –

He thuchhuah thar hian engtin nge Infosys a nghawng ang?
Lo trade dawn ta la, engtin nge chet i lak ang?
Market-a IT stock dangte chungah eng nge thleng ang?

Khing zawhnate khi kan chhan hmain, NASSCOM thuchhuah hi han thlir leh lawk teh ang.

An thuchhuah siamah khan IT budget chu 15% in a tla hniam dawn nia a lan thu an sawi a. Chutiang a nih chuan IT company-te sum lak luh leh an hlawknate chu a tla hniam ngei dawn tihna a ni. Chu chu IT industry tan chuan chanchin lawmawm loh tak a ni.

Tichuan zawhnate khi han chhang ta ila –

Infosys hi ram chhunga IT company lian ber te zinga mi a nih avangin he thu thar hian a nghawng ngei ngei dawn a. Chawhma lamah Infosys bikin chanchin lawmawm an lo neih bawk si avangin stock a nghawng dan tur erawh chuti maia sawi theih a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, sum lak luh 15% laia a tla hniam tur hi thil namai a ni lo va, chuvangin Infosys stock pawh hi a hniam zawnga a chet chu a rinawm tho a ni.
Share pakhat man ₹3030 a niha, trade kan la dawn a nih chuan Infosys stock chu kan hralh ang.
NASSCOM thuchhuah hian Infosys mai ni lovin, IT company zawng zawng a huam a; chuvangin, IT company zawng zawngte chuan an stock chungchangah mipui aṭangin hralh duhna an hmuh nual chu a rinawm.

Kan hmuh tâk ang khian market participant-te chu chanchin thar leh a chheh vela thil thlengin an chet dan tur hi a hril em em a, an chet dan chuan thil man chu a tiche kual ve leh ta ṭhin a ni. Hei hi stocks tichetu chu a lo ni ta a ni.

Chanchin thar hi awm ta lo se, share man hi a che kher ang em tih hi zawhna awm thei tak a ni. A chhanna chu, a company azirin Aw leh Aih-in a chhan theih awm e.

Entir nan, a hnuaia company pahnihte chungchangah hian thu thar engmah a awm lovah lo ngai ta ila.

Reliance Industries Limited
Shree Lakshmi Sugar Mills

Kan hriat ṭheuh angin, Reliance chu ram chhunga company lian ber te zinga mi a ni a. An chungchangah thu thar awmin awm lo pawh ni se, market participant-te chuan an company share chu an leiin an hralh duh reng tho a, chuvang chuan an stock man hi a che reng hrim hrim a ni.

Company pahnihna ve thung hi chu mipui hriat tlanglawn a ni lo a, chuvangin an company chheh velah thil thleng thar emaw, thu thar an nei emaw a nih loh chuan market participant-ten an bengkhawn em em in a rinawm loh. Hetiang dinhmunah hi chuan stock man chu a che reng reng lo thei a, a lo che a nih pawhin a chetna chu chhete chauh a ni thei ang.

Kan thu khaikhawmna atan chuan, share man chu chanchin thar emaw, thil thleng thar tur a awm dawna hriatna avangin emaw a che ṭhin a. Chanchin thar chu company kaihhnawih emaw, a industry ang zawngin emaw, a nih loh vek leh ram economy kaihhnawh thil pawh a ni thei. Entir nan, kum 2014-a Narendra Modi India ram PM atana thlan tlin a nih khan thu lawmawm lama ngaih a nih avangin stock market pum pui kha a che nasa hle a ni.

ṭhenkhatah chuan chanchin thar a awm lo chung pawhin, demand leh supply vangin stock man chu a che ve reng thei tho bawk.

Engtin nge stock chu an trade (indawr) ṭhin?

Infosys share 200 chu share pakhatah ₹3030 hisapin i lei ta a, kum khat i kawl hnua hralh leh turin i ruahman lâwk a. Engtin nge he thil hi kalpui a nih ang? Stock lei dan kalhmang eng nge ni? Stock i lei hnu chuan engin nge zui ang?

Transaction felfai taka a kal theih nan stock market chhunga hnathawhna hmanraw hrang hrangte chuan an lo pui dawn che a ni.

Infosys stock lei tura thuthlukna i siam hnu chuan, i trading account (stock broker-in a buatsaihsak che) ah lutin Infosys share lei turin order i siam ang. Order i siam zawhah heng a hnuaia mite hi en dik a ni ang –

I trading account kimchang

Infosys share i lei duhna zat (price)

Share i lei duh zat

I broker-in stock exchange-ah i order chu a thawn hmain i share lei duh zat man hu pawisa i nei daih em tih a en fel leh phawt ang a, i nei daih a nih chuan i order chu a thlen chauh ang. I order-in market a thlen veleh stock exchange chuan (khawl thiamna hmangin – hei hi order matching algorithm an ti) Infosys share 200, share pakhat ₹3030 a hralh phaltu a lo zawnsak dawn che a ni.

Share hralhtu chu mi pakhat, Infosys share 200 nei, a share-te ₹3030 a hralh vek phal a ni thei a. A nih loh pawhin, mi sawm (10) in share 20 ṭheuha an zawrh emaw; mi pahnih, share 1 leh share 199 nei inbelhbawm pawh a ni thei. Stock exchange-in seller an lo lak khawm dan leh siam rem dan hi chu kan hriat atan a pawimawh tehchiam lo va. I mamawh chu Infosys share 200, ₹3030 man hlutna nei a ni a; chumi tur chuan order i siam a. Seller an awm chhung chuan, stock exchange chuan i duh zat share i hmuh ngei theih nana lo tanpui che chu a hna a ni.

Indawrna a zawh fel tawh chuan i share lei chu i DEMAT account-ah khawl thiamna hmangin a lo lut ang a. Chutiang bawkin a hralhtu DEMAT account aṭangin share chu a chhuak ve nghal bawk ang.

Stock i lei hnu chuan engtin zel nge?

Share i lei fel a, i DEMAT account-ah i share leite chu a awm ta ran mai a. Tunah chuan i share kawl lai hlutna zat chiah khan company-ah neitu nihna i lo nei ve ta a ni. Kum 2014-ah khan Infosys share 200 i nei a nih chuan, company pum pui aṭanga 0.000035% ah neitu i ni ve tihna a ni.

Share i neih takah chuan company aṭanga hamṭhatna hrang hrang – dividend te, stock split te, bonus te, rights issues te, voting rights te leh adt. chu i lo dawng ve thei ta a. Shareholder nihna aṭanga hamṭhatna dawn theihte hi kan la sawi zau leh dawn nia.

Holding period chungchang

Holding period chu share i kawl chhung, i lei aṭanga i hralh leh hma zawng kha a ni. Holding period chu minit reilote aṭanga kumkhua pawh a ni thei. Investor hmingthang Warren Buffet kha stock kawl hun chhung atana a duhthusam an zawh tumin ‘Kumkhua’ tiin a chhang a ni.

Entirnaa kan tarlan tawh ang khan Infosys stock chu minit 5 chhungin 3000 aṭangin 3016 ah a chho hman a nih kha. Minit 5 chhung lek kawl atan chuan a hlep hi chhe lo tak a ni. I lungawi tâwk a nih chuan hetah hian trade hi titawpin hun remchang dang i melh leh nghal thei bawk. Hetianga chet lak hi a tak takah pawh hmuh tur a awm fo a, share man kal tluan lai chuan mi tam tak tihdan a ni fo bawk a ni.

Engtin nge hlawkna (returns) kan chhut ang?

Market-a thil awm leh thleng zawng zawngte hi thil tum pakhatah a inchhung khawm vek a. Chu chu hlawkna ṭha tâwk tak hmuh a ni. Lo chesual pheng phung mah la, i chêt lâkin hlawkna ṭha tak a siam che chuan i tihsualte chu ngaihhnathiam vek a ni. Hlawkna hi kum khat chhunga lak luh aṭanga chhut ṭhin a ni tlangpui a. Chi hrang hranga chhut theih a ni a, kan tarlan turte hian eng nge an niha, eng tianga chhut tur nge ni tihah ngaihdan a pe thei ang che.

Absolute Return – I sum peipun aṭanga hlawkna i hmuh zawng zawng chhutna; a rei leh rei loh lam te, market kal dan hrim hrim leh a behbawm dangte chhut tel lovin. Absolute Return chuan he zawhna hi a chhansak che a ni - Infosys share chu 3030 in ka lei a, 3550 in ka hralh leh a. A percentage ang zawngin eng zat nge hlawkna ka chan?

Absolute Return chhut dan =

[(Holding period tawpa i share hlutna) / (Share i lei tirha a hlutna) - 1] * 100

i.e. [3550 / 3030 - 1] * 100

= 0.716 * 100

= 17.16%

17.16% hlawkna chu ṭha tak a ni.

Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) – Investment pahnih i khaikhin dawnin Absolute Return chuan a chhut sual theih avangin CAGR i hmang ang. CAGR chuan he zawhna hi chhang turin a pui ang che – Infosys share chu 3030 in ka lei a, kum 2 ka kawl hnuah 3550 in ka hralh a. Kum 2 chhung hian chawh rualin eng zatin nge ka sum peipun hi a ṭhan?

CAGR chuan absolute return-a kan chhut tel ve loh ‘hun’ (time component) kha a chhut tel ve thung a ni. A chhut dan chu –

CAGR chhut dan

i.e. {[3550/3030]^(1/2) – 1}

= 8.2%

Hemi awmzia chu i sum peipun kha kum 2 chhungin chawh rualin kumtin 8.2% in a pung tihna a ni. Tun dinhmunah bank fixed deposit hian sumlu venhimsak chungin 5.5% pung a tiam a, chumi nena khaikhin chuan 8.2% hlawkna hmuh chu a ṭha thawkhat hle a ni.

Kum khat emaw, a aia tlem emaw chhunga hlawkna i chhut dawn chuan Absolute Return khi i hmang ang a. Kum khat aia rei chhut nan CAGR i hmang thung ang.

Infosys share chu 3030 a leiin thla 6 hnuah 3550 in i hralh leh chuan i hlawkna chu eng zat nge ni ang? Absolute return hmanga kan chhut chuan thla ruk chhunga i hlawkna chu 17.16% a ni ang, chu chu kum khat atan chuan 34.32% (17.16*2) tihna a ni.

Hemi in a sawi tum tak chu i hlawkna i khaikhin reng rengin kumtina i hlawkna hmuh aṭanga teh chu tihdan tha ber a ni.

Khawiah nge i dinhmun i rem ve ang?

Market participant tinte hian mahni ze nghet ṭheuh neiin market-ah hna an thawk a. Participant an nihna anga an ṭhan chhohna leh market kalphung hrang hrang an tawn chhoh ang zelin an hnathawh dan ziarang chu a inher danglam ve zel ṭhin. Market-a risk lak ngam danin hnathawh dan ziarang a hril ve bawk. I hnathawh dan chu eng ang pawh ni se, participant i nih hrim hrim chuan trader emaw, investor-ah emaw khung theih i ni.

Trader chuan hun ṭha a hmuh veleh trade lain, hun remchang a hmuh hmasak berah hlawkna neia chhuah a tum ṭhin. Market-a a chet dan chu hun reilote chhung atan chauh a thlir ṭhin a. Market inhawn chhung chuan hun ṭha chângin, risk leh reward bûk tawn chungin inring rengin a awm ṭhin. Trader chuan share man a chhoh beiseia lei emaw, a man a hniam beiseia hralh emaw thu ah tum bik a nei chuang lo. Hei hi sap tawngin ‘going long’ leh ‘going short’ tiin an sawi ṭhin a, chiang deuh zawkin kan la sawifiah leh dawn nia.

Trader chu chi hrang hrang an awm thei a, chungte chu:

Day Trader – Day trader chuan ni khata position a lak chu, chumi ni vek chuan a khar leh ṭhin. A position lak chu zan riahin a tûk a thlenpui ngai lo. Day trader chuan thil chiang lovah rinna a nghat duh lo va, a position lak chu zan a riahpui chuan a tûka market inhawn leh hmain share man tihniam thei thil tam tak a thleng thei tih hre rengin, risk lak a duh ngai lo. Entir nan, TCS share 100 chu 2212 in dar 9:15 AM ah a lei a, chumi ni tho dar 3:20 PM ah 2220 in a hralh leh a, he trade a lak aṭang hian ₹800/- hlawkna a hmu a ni. Day trader chuan ni khatah stock 5-6 te, a aia tam te pawh a trade ṭhin a ni.
Scalper – Day trader chi khat a ni. Scalper chuan share tam tham tak leiin hun reilote tak tak chhung chauh a kawl ṭhin a, hun tlemte chhungin hlawkna tlemte, mahse rang tak siin a hmu ṭhin. Entir nan, scalper chuan TCS share 10,000 chu dar 9:15 ah 2212 in a lei a; dar 9:16 ah 2212.1 in a hralh leh nghal a, minute 1 chhung lekin hlawkna ₹1000/- a hmu chhuak a ni. Ni khat chhungin scalper chuan trade vawi tam tak a la ṭhin a. Kan sawi tak aṭang hian scalper chuan risk lak an duh lo hle tih a hriat awm e.
Swing Trader – Swing trader chuan trade a lak chhung hi a rei deuhhlek a; a share lei chu ni tlemte aṭanga kar eng emaw zat chhungte a kawl ṭhin. Entir nan, TCS share 100 chu ni 12, June-ah 2212 in a lei a; ni 19, June-ah 2214 in a hralh leh a.

Trader hlawhtling kan hriat lar ṭhenkhat te chu – George Soros, Ed Seykota, Paul Tudor, Michael Steinhardt, Van K Tharp, Stanley Druckenmiller leh fam ta Rakesh Jhunjhunwala leh adt.

Investor ve thung hi chuan stock hlutna ṭhan chhoh zel beiseiin a lei ṭhin a. Hun rei ve tawk tak chhung chu a stock hlutna ṭhan nan a nghak a, kum engemaw zat a kawl tlangpui ṭhin. Investor-te hi hlawm hnihin ṭhen an ni –

Growth Investors – An tum ber chu industry leh khawvel inlumlet dan mila la ṭhang zel tura beisei company-te lo thliar hrana, chutiang company-a sum peipun chu a ni. India ram bika entirna ṭha tak kan neih chu, kum 1990 chho vela Hindustan Unilever, Infosys leh Gillette India share lei kha a ni. Heng company-te hian anmahni industry huang bik ṭheuha danglamna leh hmasawnna thleng chu hlawkpuiin an ṭhang vak mai a, an shareholder-te tan hausakna namen lo a siamsak a ni.
Value Investors – Hengho hian company ṭhang mek emaw, puitling tawh emaw pawh ni se, anmahni han zir chiana company ṭha tak ni si, chhan eng emaw vanga hun rei vak lo chhunga an hlutna tla hniam vak te chu thlang chhuakin an share an lei ṭhin a, hun pangngaia company hlutna sang tak neite chu an tlawm lai chuhin man man zawkin an lei ṭhin. March 2020 Covid crash laia stock tla hniam vak kha entirna ṭha tak a ni awm e. March/April vela mipui rilru chiai khan stock ṭha tam zawk chu an hlutna a titla nasa hle a. A hnu thlaleh chhova market rawn insiam ṭha chuan V-shaped recovery kan hmu leh a nih kha.

Investor hlawhtling tak tak te chu – Charlie Munger, Peter Lynch, Benjamin Graham, Thomas Rowe, Warren Buffet, John C Bogle, John Templeton, Mohnish Pabrai leh adt,

Eng ang market participant nge nih i duh ve le?

He article aṭanga kan zir ṭhenkhat te

Stock market chu trader leh investor-ten share an lei leh hralh (transaction) theihna hmun a ni.
Stock market chu khawl thiamna hmanga share leitu leh hralhtute intawhkhawmna hmun a ni.
Ngaih dan leh thlir dan hrang hrangin market a siam.
Stock exchange chuan khawl thiamna hmangin share leitu leh hralhtute transaction tihnaah a pui ṭhin.
Chanchin thar leh thil thleng tharten stock man chu nitin a tiche reng.
Demand leh supply a inkhuan rual loh hian stock man a che ṭhin bawk.
Company-ah stock neitu i nih chuan an hamṭhatna hrang hrang – bonus te, dividend te, rights leh a dangte i dawng thei ang.
Holding period chu share i kawl chhung, i lei aṭanga i hralh leh inkar hun chhung kha a ni.
I holding period chu kum 1 emaw, a aia tlem emaw a nih chuan absolute returns hmangin i hlawkna i chhut ang. I holding period chu kum 1 aia rei a nih chuan CAGR i hmang thung ang.
Trader leh investor thliar hranna chu an risk lak ngam dan leh an holding period aṭanga teh a ni.