Stock market index: Sensex, Nifty leh an hnathawh
Thuhma
In khawpuia traffic dinhmun tlangpui zawt ta che ila, engtin nge min chhân ang?
In khawpuiah chuan kawngpui leh kawng intawh khawmna (junction) tam tak a awm thei a; zawhna chhang tur hian a vaiin i va en dik vek seng lo vang. Chu ai chuan khawpui chhunga kawngpui leh junction lûn zual lai thlang chhuakin traffic dinhmun chu i thlithlai ang. Chung kawngpuiahte chuan traffic a jam nasat viau chuan in khawpuia traffic dinhmun chu a tawt hle tiin min chhang thei ang; a jam lem loh chuan traffic dinhmun chu a pangngai niin kan ngai thei ang.
Chung kawngpui pawimawh leh lûn zual laite traffic dinhmun tlangpui hriatna atana uluk taka i lo zir chianna chu khawpui chhunga traffic dinhmun tehna atan kan hmang dawn a ni.
Chutiang bawk chuan, vawiina stock market chet dan zawt ta che ila, engtin nge min chhân ang? Bombay Stock Exchange-ah ringawt hian company 5,000 bawr vel an in-list a, National Stock Exchange-ah company 2,000 vel an awm bawk a. Heng company zawng zawngte a mal mala ni khat chhunga an stocks chet dan en vek tur chuan hun a duh hle ang.
Chu ai chuan, industry peng hrang hranga company lian zualte stocks chet dan chu i en ang a. A chho zawnga kal an tam zawk chuan market a chho kan ti thei ang; chutiang bawkin a chhuk zawnga kal an tam zawk chuan market a tla hniam kan ti thei ang; tin, hei bakah hian company-te chu a chho leh a chhuk zawnga kal an intluk thuak thei a, chutiang a nih chuan market chu a khamphei zawngin a kal kan ti a, a 'flat' kan ti thei bawk ang.
Chutiang chuan company lian zualte thlang chhuakin market pum pui aiawhin an chet dan chu kan zir ṭhin tur a ni. Miin market dinhmun min zawt a nih chuan company i thlan chhuahte stocks chet dan chu tehnaa hmangin i chhang ṭhin ang. Heng company lian zual kan thlan chhuahte awm khawm hian stock market index chu a siam a ni.
Index chu
Market dinhmun tehna atana company lian zual thlan chhuah hna hi kan tih kher ngai lovin hmun khatah en mai theih turin dah khawm a ni a, an chet dan chu vil zui reng niin an chet dan azir hian thlan tawhte chu update reng a ni bawk. Hetianga market dinhmun awlsam taka en mai theih tura an dah khawm hi 'Stock market Index' kan tih chu a lo ni ta a ni.
India ramah hian index pawimawh tak tak an awm ve a. Chung zingah chuan S&P BSE Sensex kan tih hian Bombay stock exchange aiawhin market dinhmun min hrilh a, Nifty 50 hian National stock exchange aiawhin market dinhmun min hrilh bawk. Heng index pahnih bakah hian Nifty Bank Index (Bank Nifty) kan tih hi a lar hle a, banking sector bik ai a awh ve bawk.
S&P hi Standard and Poor's tihna a ni a, khawvel huapa credit rating agency pakhat a ni. Anni hian index lo buatsaih zung zung tur hian thiamna bik an nei a, chu index an siam chuan S&P chhinchhiahna keng telin BSE hnenah hian hman phalna 'license' a pe a ni. NSE hian an zawmpui company NSE Indices Limited kal tlangin an index chu an enkawl thung.
Nifty 50-ah hian National Stock Exchange-a stock lei leh hralh hnem ber berte an awm a, index an buatsaih dan hi kan la sawi fiah ang a. Index ṭha chuan tun dinhmuna market thlir dan chiang takin a entir thin a ni. Index chet vel dan hian market-a telte (participants) ngaih dan leh thlir dan min hrilh ṭhin a. Index a chhoh chuan market-a telten hma lam hunah thil ṭha a thlen beiseina an neih vang a ni; chutiang bawkin index a chhuk chuan market-a telten hma lam hunah thil lawmawm loh lam thleng tura an ngaih vang a ni.
Index hmanna
Index hmanna ṭhenkhatte chu a hnuaia kan tar lante hi a ni.
Information — Index chuan market pum pui kal mek dan leh a chhunga miten market an thlir dan a tar lang a. Ram chhung sum leh pai dinhmun (economy) tlangpui a tar lang bawk. Stock market index a chhoh chuan mipuiin hma lam hun thlirna eng an nei tih a entir a, a tlak hniam chuan mipuiin beisei an nei sang lo tih a entir thung.
Entir nan, ni 21 November 2022-a Nifty 50 hlutna chu 18150 a ni a, thla 6 kal taah kha chuan 15820-ah a awm thung. Thla 6 chhungin index chu point 2300-in a ṭhang tihna a ni a, chu chu za zelah 14.75% a ni. Chu chuan market chu a bullish, a chho a ni tih a entir a. Market-a telte chuan India ram economy hma lam hunah beiseina eng tak an nei tih kan hre thei a ni.
Index chhut dawn hian an hun lak huam chhung (time frame) hi eng zat pawh a ni thei a. Entir nan, 21 November dar 9:30 AM-a Index chu 18140-ah a awm a, darkar 1 hnuah 18099-ah a tla thla a. Darkar 1 chhung lekin point 40 dawnin a tla hniam a ni. Chu chuan hun reilote chhung atana market an thlir danah market-a telte chu an phur em em lo a ni tih a entir.
Benchmarking (Tehna) — Miin a trade emaw a invest emaw reng rengin, a hnathawh dan thlir letna turin tehna eng emaw a mamawh a. Kum kal taah khan ₹100,000 i lo invest ta a, chuta ṭanga i hmuh chhuah chu ₹20,000 ni se, i total corpus chu ₹1,20,000 a lo tling ta a. He i investment hi i thlir letin i tiṭha thawkhatin i hria em? Han en mai chuan 20% hlawkna hmuh chu a ṭha thawkhat hlein a lang. Nimahsela, i sum peipun chhung vêk khan Nifty chu 30% in lo ṭhang ve tho ta si sela?
I tiṭha tawk lo tih i hmu thiam nghal ang. Hei tak hi a ni market-a telte thil tum ber chu, Index khum tum hi. Index hi awm ta lo sela chuan stock market-a i hnathawh dan hi i chhut thei kher lo ang. Chuvangin, i hnathawh ṭhat leh ṭhat loh teh nan index hi i mamawh em em a ni.
Trading — Index atanga trade lak hi index ṭangkaina langsar ber pawl a ni awm e. Market-a trader tam berte hian index-ah hian trade an la thin. Ram chhung sum leh pai dinhmun emaw, ram chhung inrelbawl dan tlangpuite thlirin, hun reilote chhung atan ngaih dan an siam chu trade-ah an chantir thin.
Entir nan hetiang hian han ngaihtuah ta ila, dar 10:30 AM-ah Finance Minister-in budget a pharh dawn a. Chumi hma darkar chanvea Nifty index chu point 18,150-ah a awm. Budget pharh tur chuan ram pum economy tan hmasawnna a thlen ngei dawnin i hria a. Chutiang a nih chuan index chuan eng lam nge a hawia i rin? A chho zawnga a kal ngei a rinawm. Tichuan, i ngaih dan chu trade-ah i chantir dawn chuan index chu 18,150-a a awm laiin i lei ang. Index chu ram chhung economy tar langtu a ni miau a.
I beisei ang ngeiin budget tlangzarh chu a lo ṭha hle a, index pawh chu 18,450-ah a chho ta a. I trade lak atang chuan point 300 hlawkna hmuin i chhuak thei ta a ni. Hetianga trade lak hi market-a 'Derivative' segment aṭangin a tih theih a. Derivatives chungchang hi ni dangah kan la en ho turah ngai ila, tun atan chuan derivative market aṭangin index trading a tih theih a ni tih hriat mai hi a tawk rih a ni.
Portfolio Hedging (Portfolio venhimna) — Investor-te hian stock portfolio an siam thin a, stock portfolio chu investor-in stock a neih zawng zawng — assets, shares, bonds, mutual funds, adt. sawina a ni. Portfolio pangngai takah chuan hun rei tak chhung kawl turin stock 15 - 20 a awm tlangpui. Hun rei tak thlir chunga kawl tur ni mah se, market chu tla hniam thut thei a ni ve tho a (kum 2008-a thil thleng ang te kha), chu chuan portfolio-a an sumlu chu a ei ralsak ve vek thei tho a ni tih an hai bik lo. Chutiang laka invenna atan chuan index hi an hmang thin a ni. Hemi chungchang hi bung thar, futures trading kan kai hunah kan la zir chiang ang.
Index buatsaih dan
Index trading tih tum tan chuan index buatsaih dan hriat hi a pawimawh hle. Kan sawi tawh angin index chu sector hrang hrang atanga stock tam tak lak khawm, ram chhung sum leh pai dinhmun entirtu a ni a. Index-a lang pha tur hian stock chuan tehna thenkhat a pal tlang ve a ngai a. Index stock a nih hnuah pawh chûng tehnate chu a tlin zui zel a ngai bawk. Tehna pakhat chauh pawh a vawng him thei lo a nih chuan index atanga paih thlak niin, tehna pal tlang kim thei stock dangin a luahlan ang.
Tehna paltlang stock-te chu index-ah hmun pek an ni a. Index-a stock tinte chu an buk rih zawng (weightage) pek vek tur a ni. Heta weightage kan tih hi a awmzia ber chu, stock pakhatin index chhunga stock dangte nena khaikhina index a khawih chet dan, index-a a pawimawh dan te pawh kan ti thei ang. Entir nan, ITC hian Nifty 50 Index-ah 3.85% weightage a neih chuan Nifty a chet hian 3.85% chu ITC vang a ni a tih theih ang. Index stock zawng zawngte weightage chu he link-ah hian en theihin a awm.
Zawhna lo awm ta chu — Engtin nge Index siamtu stock-te chu bukna (weightage) kan pek ang?
Weight pek dan hi chi hrang hrang a awm thei ang, India ram bikah chuan stock exchange-te hian free-float market capitalization method kan tih chu an hmang a. Chumi awmzia chu company-in mipui lei leh hralh theih tura share a chhawp chhuah tam dan azirin index stock-te chu weightage pek an ni a. Share chhawp chhuah zat leh a hlutna chu a tam poh leh a bukna a rit a ni mai.
Free float market capitalization chu share trade theiha chhawp chhuah zawng zawng leh share man puntir a ni.
Entir nan, company ABC chuan market-a share a hralh tawh zawng zawng chu 100 lo ni ta se, stock pakhat hlutna chu ₹50 a nih chuan, ABC free float market cap chu 100 × 50 = ₹5,000.
He article ziah a nih lai hian a hnuaia kan tar lante hi index-a bukna nei rit zual 10 thlan chhuahte an ni.
| Sl No | Company | Industry | Weightage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Reliance Industries Ltd | Oil & Gas | 11.03 |
| 02 | HDFC Bank Ltd | Bank | 8.26 |
| 03 | ICICI Bank Ltd | Bank | 7.94 |
| 04 | Infosys Ltd | IT | 7.06 |
| 05 | HDFC Ltd | Housing | 5.62 |
| 06 | TCS Ltd | IT | 4.1 |
| 07 | ITC Ltd | FMCG | 3.85 |
| 08 | Kotak Mahindra Bank | Bank | 3.51 |
| 09 | L&T Ltd | Infra | 3.07 |
| 10 | Axis Bank Ltd | Bank | 3.0 |
Kan hmuh ang khian company hrang hrang zingah Reliance Industries Ltd chu buk rit ber a ni a. A awmzia chu index stock zingah Reliance man chet dan chuan Nifty Index a nghawng nasa ber a ni.
Sector bil bika index neite
Sensex leh Nifty-te hian market pum pui dinhmun min hrilh kan tih rual hian sector thenkhat chuan anmahni sector bil bik dinhmun tar langtu index an nei ve a. Chung ho chu sectoral indices tih an ni. Entir nan, NSE-a Bank Nifty chuan banking sector bika mipui rilru puthmang a entir a. NSE-a CNX IT chuan stock market-a IT stocks zawng zawngte chet dan a entir bawk. BSE leh NSE-te hian sector hrang hrang aiawhtu index bik an nei thliah a ni. Heng index te hi index lian dangte nen an buatsaih dan leh enkawl dan a thuhmun vek a ni.
He article atanga kan zir thenkhatte
- Index chu ram chhung sum leh pai dinhmun tehna chikhat a ni.
- Index a chhoh chuan market-a telten hma hun eng an beisei tih a entir.
- Index a chhuk chuan market-a telten hma lam hunah beiseina an nei sang lo tih a entir thung.
- India rama index hlawm lian pahnihte chu BSE Sensex leh NSE Nifty50 te an ni.
- Index hmanna tlangpui — hriattirna (information), tehkhawng (benchmarking), market-a sumdawnna (trading) leh portfolio venhimna (hedging).
- Index trading hi index hmanna langsar ber a ni.
- India hian index buatsaih nan free-float market capitalization method an tih chu a hmang a ni.
- Sector bil dinhmun tar langtu index hrang hrang an awm a, anmahni sector theuha market ngaih dan an tar lang thin.